Abraham Lincoln Vampire Hunter - 893 Words

Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter The novel Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter was written by Seth Grahame-Smith and published in 2010. In 2012 the movie adaptation was released and made a gross amount of $37,516,013. Both discuss the theme and topic of slavery while telling the story of how Abraham Lincoln discovered, trained, and fought against vampires, who were planning to take over the United States. (â€Å"Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter (2012)†). Abraham Lincoln is known as â€Å"honest Abe†, the 16th president of the United States during the Civil War. Vampires are known as being blood sucking, creatures of the night that, in some lure, have extreme abilities and limitations. The addition of vampires to the historical content of the novel could be used to reflect the awful, deadly effects of slavery. I believe Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter is laced with historical evidence that’ll help support and show Abe Lincoln’s battle against vampires, who symbolize and endorse slavery. In the Introduction section before the novel begins, Seth Grahame-Smith introduces himself as a character who writes the novel. The Seth Grahame-Smith in the novel is a store owner who gains the trust of Henry, a vampire that nursed Abraham Lincoln back to health and trained Lincoln to fight vampires. Henry entrusts Smith with the secret journals of Abraham Lincoln. Smith â€Å"Check[s the journal’s] incredible claims against the hard ‘facts’ of heralded Lincoln biographies†¦It turns out that the towering myth ofShow MoreRelatedAbraham Lincoln : Vampire Hunter971 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Lincoln is an American President who hasn’t been overlooked in the decades following his death. His character still lives on today as he resonates through popular American culture. Many books and movies have been produced about his life to show the role he played in our history and the impact he had on our country. The most recent film, Abraham Lincoln: Vampire H unter, captivated audience’s attention with a riveting tale about our sixteenth president hunting vampires. The film contains someRead MoreWheres Abraham Lincoln in Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter?542 Words   |  2 PagesPride and Prejudge and Zombies and Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter. Grahame-Smith has collaborated on two film adaptations, Dark Shadows, and his own novel, Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter. Seth Grahame-Smith and his wife, Erin, live in California with their two children Jacob and Joshua. Currently Grahame-Smith’s novel Pride and Prejudice and Zombies is being adapted for film, and Smith is said to be writing a sequel/ spin off of Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter, staring Henry Struges. Both the filmRead MoreMaking An Abraham Lincoln Movie901 Words   |  4 Pages Making an Abraham Lincoln movie can be very tricky and a difficult job. Everybody knows the story of Abraham Lincoln and knows the persona that President Lincoln can give out. Spielbergâ €™s, Ford’s, and Griffith’s Lincoln all did very notable work. Griffith’s Lincoln in Birth of a Nation was a worthy performance by Henabery. Ford’s Young Mr. Lincoln was known as one great over all film. The scenes in the film were spot on and the Lincoln played by young Mr. Henry Fonda was the best in the businessRead MoreThe Views Of Abraham Lincoln1147 Words   |  5 PagesA more recent myth that has developed is the theory that Abraham Lincoln was homosexual. This myth came to light in 1999 when Larry Kramer, the founding member of the Gay Men’s Health Crisis, made the statement that Lincoln was homosexual and backed up his statement with diary excerpts from Lincoln’s bunkmate’s Diary. The excerpts read: He often kisses me when I tease him, often to shut me up†¦ He would grab me in his long arms and hug and hug†¦ our Abe is like a school girl† (Steers 126). Kramer also

How Do Ethics Influence Public Policy - 2827 Words

How do Ethics Influence Public Policy? LaShan Lewis - PAD 510 Instructor: Dr. Date- March 13, 2011 Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Chapter 1: Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Main Research Question and Sub-Questions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 Significance of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....7 Research Design and Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....7 Limitation of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 Organization of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 CHAPTER 2: Review of Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14 Abstract Ethics is the branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to†¦show more content†¦Justice must be sure. * The swiftness of the punishment following the crime. Long delays between crime and punishment break the link in the mind of the mind of the criminal between the criminal act and its consequences. And a potential wrongdoer must believe that the costs of a crime will occur within a meaningful time frame, not in a distant, unknowable future. Justice must be swift. * The severity of the punishment. Punishment that is perceived as no more costly than the ordinary hazards of life on the streets, which the potential criminal faces anyhow, will not deter. Punishment must clearly outweigh whatever benefits might be derived from a life of crime in the minds of potential criminals. Punishment must be severe (Dye, 2008). There is a variety of legal ways to induce Capital Punishment in the United States. Some examples: electric chair, lethal injection, and firing squad. Although there are many methods of capital punishment, the most humane and accepted way is that of â€Å"Lethal Injection† (http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/1753868/capital_punishment_a_grave_concept.html?cat=17). When it comes to the death penalty, there are other options, such as life imprisonment without parole and rehabilitation. The addition of restitution to life imprisonment is also a nice addition, as it sends the prisoner to work. The money made by the prisoner when working is sent to the victim’s family, creatingShow MoreRelatedPolicy Making On Criminal Justice Issues1476 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Policy making is a very delicate issue, mainly on the grounds that it’s included a wide range of territories. Although policy are made to regulate an organization or business, by keeping all personnel on the same guidelines, if not followed by employees a company can lose financial increase and moral throughout the organization. Moreover, there are good and bad policy. According to Bank, 2013, Policy making on criminal justice issues including crime control control happens at a wide rangeRead MoreWhat Is Organizational Ethics?847 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Organizational Ethics? According to managementstudyguide.com, organizational ethics is the way an organization should respond to the external environment. Organization ethics includes various guidelines and principles which decide the way individuals should behave at the workplace. It also refers to the code of conduct of the individuals working in a particular organization. Organizational ethics covers a wide range of topics including finance, legal compliance, safety, discriminationRead MoreArticle Review : Politics And The Policymaking Process778 Words   |  4 Pagesdecision making and funding public policies. The article deciphers the policymaking process while identifying the policy problems and the contributors that influence change in public policy. The scholars that contributed to the article, identified five steps in the policymaking process; (1) Identifying policy problems, (2) Formulating policy proposals, (3) Legitimizing public policy, (4) Implementing public policy, and (5) Evaluating p ublic policy. In order to identify policy problems, one must identifyRead MoreEthics And The Law Enforcement Code Of Ethics1412 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper inquires how ethics has impacted the law enfacement communities. The Oath of Allegiance along with the law enforcement Code of Ethics will be discussed in detail to give you a better appreciation of the expectations and ethical issues covering all law enforcement officers. This paper will discus how everyday decisions influence the law officers life, in addition to those of the community. Hero’s sacrificing their lives to â€Å"Protect and Serve†. 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We will be looking at the ethical evaluation of this practice by Rabbi Mordechai Liebling from Reconstructionist Rabbinical College and support for his perspective of the ethical practices by other participants in this documentary. Rabbi Liebling approaches the issue of the practice of fracking by the oil and gas industry from a land ethic point of view. Land ethics is understood to be an ethicalRead MoreA Study on Ethical Leadership978 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Leadership Introduction In the study of ethics, there are a wide variety of ideas that are used to influence the way that someone looks at a particular situation. The case study that was examined (titled: Names of Suicide Victims) is discussing the morality of publishing the names of last four people who committed suicide in the college newspaper. At first this was in response to the rising trends that were taking place inside the community. Now this program has evolved to the point thatRead MoreThe Presentation Of The Speech874 Words   |  4 PagesResponse to the introduction to Ethics CD The presentation introduced some common ideas related to ethics. One thing curve into my mind was the doctrine of relative faith that every single person in our society tends to regard â€Å"I am not so bad as long as others are worse†. That argument is somewhat clichà © or general excuse when it comes to unethical behavior. A few years ago, one of the famous theologians in the Unites States, Howard Yoder was accused due to sexual assault. During his professorshipRead MoreBenefits of Managing Ethics in Workplace1141 Words   |  5 Pages10 Benefits of Managing Ethics in the Workplace Many people are used to reading or hearing of the moral benefits of attention to business ethics. However, there are other types of benefits, as well. The following list describes various types of benefits from managing ethics in the workplace. 1. Attention to business ethics has substantially improved society. A matter of decades ago, children in our country worked 16-hour days. Workers’ limbs were torn off and disabled workers were condemnedRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Framing Csr Within A System Of Global Ethics1470 Words   |  6 Pages Global Ethics - Final Paper May 2nd – 2016 Corporate Social Responsibility Framing CSR within a System of Global Ethics Introduction The field of Global Ethics has recently emerged as its own independent field of study that engages with many of humanities most pressing ethical questions. One of the most important subsets of this field of study is arguably how the role of international corporations will fit into the process of

European Union Law UJUUJB-15-2- Free Sample

Questions: 1. Looking at all relevant sources of EU law can Katniss and Peeta rely on any cause of action in a Ruritanian court under EU law for their separate actions? 2. Should that Ruritanian court make a preliminary reference to the CJEU over the interpretation of the term armed forces? 3. Can Katniss and Peeta claim damages for Ruritanias infringement of their EU law rights under Directive 2000/78/EC and general principles? 4. Can Peeta challenge the adoption of Regulation 2015/666/EU, which will prohibit him from carrying out his current job, in the CJEU, and/or challenge its validity before the domestic courts? 5. How and when could the Commission bring an action against Ruritania to enforce the age and disability discrimination provisions of Directive 2000/78/EC and its full transposition? What could happen following any CJEU judgment on the issue to ensure Ruritania complies? Answers: In the European Union, transposition is an obligation on the member states in which, they choose to pass a legislation which is either primary or secondary applying within the territorial limits in order to give force to a directive passed by the Union. In case if the respective states fail to pass the transposition within their respective territorial limits, even after the period of extension allowed to them, and subsequently, a conflict arises regarding the said directive, then the law as passed by the centre shall prevail in solving the dispute. In the given context, let us first analyse whether the said directive 2000/78/EC applies within the territory of Ruritania. The directive in question was adopted on 27 November 2000. The member states had to transpose the directive by 2 December 2003. But Ruritania did not transpose the directive within the time set. In fact the directive remained not transposed till 1 January 2015. To analyse the situation, we need to take into account the case of Andrea Francovich and Danila Bonifaci and others v. Italian Republic. In the said judgment, the Court expressedly ruled that if a Member State does not transpose a Directive within the time prescribed, or if it fails to transpose it in totality, then the Directive takes direct effect, which means that the individuals residing within the State should be able to derive all the rights and the obligations imposed in the Directive shall equally apply to all the individuals despite the directive not being transposed into domestic law. Thus, it can be clearly stated from the above reading that the directive 2000/78/EC applies to Ruritania fully. 1. If Katniss and Peeta can rely on any cause of action in a Ruritanian Court under EU law for their separate actions or not, it can be said that preliminarily, they can rely on the cause of action pronounced. But as far as the law of estoppels is concerned, if Katniss and Peeta feel that they are suffering damage because of such action, then they can always, invoke estoppels against the decision. The estoppels principle as established in the Ratti case lays down that the member states should not reap any unfair advantages from its wrongdoings. Thus, here, if Kattnis and Petta feel that the application of the alleged Directive has gone against them or if they feel that they have been wrongfully swept off from the benefits they are supposed to achieve, they can definitely challenge the constitutional validity of the Directive in the Ruritanian Court and seek for redressal of their grievances. The guidelines and the recommendations to the 2000/78/EC Directive clearly underline that all the rulings that are given as per it, should be rational and have a minimum standard of effectiveness, proportionality and foremost af all must be dissuasive. Considering the situation of Katniss and Petta, and the discriminations that have been done against them, if they can persuade the court that they have wrongfully prohibited in their workplace and as a result of that prohibition, they have gone through a substantial damage, they can definitely approach the Ruritanian Court under proper EU laws to set aside their work orders and restore their position to them in their respective work places. Nothing present in the EU laws shall bar any private individual from approaching the court. They are free to bring about separate actions against the Directive. The scope of the said Directive clearly indicates that the provisions of the directive, apply as much to the public sector as to the private sector including public bodies as well as for paid and unpaid work. Thus, it can be said that Katniss and Pettas argument that the Directive does not extend to private sector stands liable to be rejected though this does not state that they cannot approach the court. 2. We need to consider the meaning of a preliminary reference. It is usually a request from a national court of any member state to the CJEU where the national court seeks to ask for an authoritative interpretation on an act. In the given problem the dispute that arises is that whether the security services provided by the External Front be genuinely called to fall within the definition of armed forces or not? The facts in the problem indicate that External Front as a private company guards the external borders of Ruritania on behalf of the Government. So, it can be said that they were acting under the relationship of principal and agent. Moreover, External Front served armed ships onboard. They were also allowed to carry guns and make arrests. The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe makes it clear that all personnel or agencies that are directly working with or under or under terms of contractual agreement with the state government to protect the external borders of any member state shall fall within the purview of the armed forces. Here, External Front was working directly under the government of Ruritania to protect the integrity of the state. They also had similar powers as were possessed by the civil employees of the state. In this situation, it can be said that External Forces are in no way not falling within the purview of the definition of the armed forces. But still, if any ambiguity arises in the proceedings in the Ruritanian Court regarding the definition of armed forces, preliminary reference can be sought by the court from the CJEU. Upon seeking such a reference, the CJEU normally gives the response in the form of a judgment that remains addressed only to the referring court. It also needs to be understood that the reference given by the court is not a fact or statement to be accepted universally. The CJEU is also not a body supposed to find facts. It is a national court and it should not refer a question to the ECJ about the rightful interpretation of the facts going on or prevalent in the matter in any national court. If the Ruritanian court feels that certain more specific guidelines are required by it to understand the clear meaning of the term armed forces, it can definitely invoke or request for getting a preliminary reference from the CJEU. 3. Whether Peeta and Katniss can claim damages or not, we need to analyze the two situations differently. We shall take into account the case of Peeta first. Peeta at the appraisal of his last work, was noted and considered to be obese. On 1 April, 2015, he happened to receive a letter from External Front which said that due to his obesity, he was being dismissed from employment with immediate effect under the Directive 2015/666/EU. This directive prohibited clinically obese people from carrying guns in employment on the basis of safety. Nowhere did this directive lay down that clinically obese people should be terminated from their jobs. Now, it must be noted that since External Front constituted a part of the armed forces of the country, so, it was necessary for the employees of External Force to possess guns during the course of their employment. Directive 2000/78/EC also laid down that non discrimination on the basis of age and disability shall not apply to armed forces. What needs to be considered here is if being obese falls under being disabled on not. The European Court of Justice in a recent judgment ruled that being obese can constitute disability for meeting the purposes of European Union equality at work legislation. The judgment indicated that obese people will be called disabled because the employers would have to provide them with larger seats, special parking spaces and such other facilities. Since, special facilities are only provided to disabled people, hence it was ruled that Obesity can constitute a kind of disability within the meaning of Employment Equality Directive. The court further said that as such, there is no general principle of EU law which prohibits in itself, a discrimination which is totally made on the grounds of being obese, yet, such condition of being obese falls within the definition of disability where, under certain specific conditions, it becomes a barrier to the full and effective participation of the person concerned in professional life on an equal basis with other workers. In the given condition, since Petta under the second directive could never possess a gun during his employment, he was likely to become less efficient in the tenure of his employment. Non possession of a gun would also make him unable in the dissipation of his duties. While the 2000/78 directive makes it clear that based on the grounds of disability, no discrimination among employees shall be made, at the same time it also makes it clear that this rule shall not apply to defence services. Thus, under the given circumstances, if Petta has been sacked with immediate effect, that has been rightly done under the existing laws of the land and he cannot claim damages in this regard. Analysing the situation of Katniss, she has been denied a promotion in her employment to the rank of a lieutenant. She has also cleared the requisite formalities of appearing in a written examination for the said purpose but is being denied the promotion owing to the fact that she has not attained the minimum age criteria of 30 years that is required by the post. In order to understand whether she is liable to be compensated for the said cause, we need to look into the implementation guidelines of the Directive. It must be noted that the directive aimed to provide protection to employees in case if they are not allowed proper work opportunities owing to age. But if this regulation is applied in the present scenario, the whole purpose behind the enactment goes in vain. It can be well argued that since External Front has been taken as a unit of defence, so the directive shall not apply here. But this argument cannot be taken as a valid ground because nowhere does the defence regulation s of the nation mention that the minimum age requirement for the post of becoming a Lieutenant is 30 years. Hence, this decision of the External Front can not be justified from any angle and hence, Katniss is supposed to get protection under the existing European laws. Therefore, as an answer to the third issue raised in the question, it can be concluded saying that Petta is not eligible to get any kind of compensation though, the same can be rightly sought by Katniss. Katniss is also eligible to file a suit for restoration of her position in the workplace. She is entitled to due compensation but Petta cannot claim any benefits under the Directive. 4. The fourth question seeks a query that whether Peeta can intiate proceedings in either the CJEA or in any other domestic court restraining his dismissal from employment and whether the Directive 2015/666/EU is constitutionally valid or not. The law that is under the dispute says that clinically obese people should be allowed to carry guns in the course of their employment. Nowhere does this law state that such people need to be terminated from their work. In the present case, the employer External Front has decided to terminate Petta because he has been found to be clinically obese. The job under the employer required the employee to carry a gun in the course of the employment and the employee was also eligible to make arrests. Petta served the employer company on board. So, there was absolutely no necessity to terminate him on grounds of being obese. He could have been easily moved to some other department or he could also have been shifted from the working area. The law states that when an employee is having the necessary qualification to do a job but has a disability, then it is prohibited that the employer can discriminate against that employee just because of the reason that he has a physical or mental impairment that might substantially limit a major life activity like the ability to hear or the ability to see or speak or breathe or walk and also prohibits from independently performing manual tasks or take care of his own self or even work in any other form. As far as the present situation is concerned, the employer has terminated totally Petta that too with immediate effect. Such drastic decision is totally violative of the human rights norms and is likely to hamper the smooth functioning of the employment opportunities. 5. Let us take a look at the effects of non transposition by member states in EC. There are enough legislations present in the nation that clearly lay down that beyond a reasonable time frame, if a Member State fails to implement or transpose a Directive issued by the commission, it can bring an action against the Member State. Under the provisions of Article 260 (3)TEFU, when referring a late transposition infringement to the Court of Justice according to the provisions laid down under Article 258 TEFU, the Commission may propose financial penalties without having to wait for a first judgment. All the member states under the European Union are necessarily bound with their obligations under Community law. The commission initiated infringement proceedings against one state under this Directive which led to a decision given by the CJEU. It found the member state in breach of its obligation to properly implement the Directive 2000/78/EC in relation to reasonable accommodation for disabled persons in employment. The action of the commission is also illustrated by more of recent infringement proceedings against other member states as well. One of the leading instance is that of the infringement action initiated against Hungary on Directive 2000/78/EC in 2012. The case concerned in the given instance is related to the lowering of the retirement age of judges, prosecutors and notaries. It was found by the CJEU that Hungary had failed to comply with Directive 2000/78/EC due to the significant lowering of mandatory retirement age for judges, prosecutors and public notaries. Following the judgment of the CJEU, Hungary adopted law T-9598 on 11.3.2013 to ensure compliance with the directive and t his case was closed on 20.11.2013. Further, three complain-based cases under directive 2000/78/EC are pending in infringement proceedings. Two of these three cases concern Greece and discriminatory age limits in public service. The other one is concerned with the Czech Republic and insufficient protection from discrimination for disabled persons seeking employment. Looking at the survey done by the governmental organisations, it can be seen that all the Member States have taken the necessary measures to transpose the directive 2000/78/EC into their respective domestic legal orders. They have also set up procedures and bodies that are indispensable for the implementation and functioning of this directive. The administrative and judicial authorities of the Member States as well as the equality bodies of the said authorities, are now standing in the front line for symmetrically providing full protection to every individual on the ground and prohibit any kind of class discrimination or such other thing. It seems that except Ruritania, all other States have ratified and transposed the Directive. Since Ruritania has consistently failed in showing any kind of positive attitude towards the Directive, the commission can initiate a proceeding against the state for immediate transposition as and when it considers appropriate. The time frame given by the C ommission has passed away long back. Considering this to be an extension of Fundamental Rights, the commission can bring the transposition suit in immediate future. Legislation alone is not sufficient to ensure full equality. It needs to be properly combined with appropriate policy actions. This can be possible only when the Member States transpose the Directive. The effect of CJEU judgment on the issue to ensure compliance by Rurtania shall stand to be from immediate effect, Ruritania shall remain bound by the judgment irrespective of the condition of the king or the after effects of the massive tsunami or with the destruction of all political papers. The law of the CJEU shall remain binding on Ruritania. Thus to conclude, it can be said that the Equality Regulation 2000/78/EC as adopted by the council of ministers, appears to be a genuine legislation that aimed at only providing better opportunities in workplaces. Though the state of Ruritania has not accepted the regulation formally by transposing a law in its local jurisdiction, yet the state stands under an obligation to be bound by the rules of the Directive. Further, all other states within the European Union have formally accepted the Regulation by transposing relevant laws. So, there exists no chance of the non application of the provisions of the Directive within the state of Ruritania. As far as the External Front is concerned, it cannot prohibit Katniss from getting the promotion due as this is against the existing laws of the land. Petta also seems to have suffered a damage. Thus both Katniss and Petta can initaiate proceedings either in the CJEU or in any other domestic court against the actions taken by External Front ag ainst them in the course of their employment. Finally, the CJEU can also penalise the State of Ruritania or can claim penalty for non transposition of the Regulation and pass an order stating a cause of action that the law has to be implemented with immediate effect within the territory of Ruritania. References Aphramor, Lucy, 'Disability And The Anti Obesity Offensive' (2009) 24Disability Society AUBRUN, GUILLAUME, 'PARTIAL TRANSPOSITION OF RANDOM STATES AND NON-CENTERED SEMICIRCULAR DISTRIBUTIONS' (2012) 01Random Matrices: Theory Appl. Barnard, Catherine and Okeoghene Odudu,Cambridge Yearbook Of European Legal Studies, Vol 14 2011-2012(Hart Publishing Limited, 2012) Dandeker, C., 'What's In A Name? 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